An Examination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian...

An Examination of Oscar Wilde’s Mockery of Victorian Conventions in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† In Victorian society, the conventional norms of status, gender roles, and marriage were closely linked by an institution that men and women were placed with unrealistic demands and expectations from society. Women were brought up by their parents to become the perfect housewife, and men were forced into marriages based on status within the society. In Oscar Wilde’s play, â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest,† he mocks the typical Victorian conventions and ideals of what society held on the individual. I will be examining the techniques Wilde uses, such as satire, symbolism, and farcical situations, and showing how he takes those Victorian†¦show more content†¦He is saying that all Victorian husbands practice Bunburying, and if they do not, they will not live in bliss with their wife. He also states that, â€Å"Divorce is made in heaven† (Wilde 1735), inversing the normal idea that marriage is made in heaven. According to Petrie, â€Å"The men’s expectations pressured women to be the ideal Victorian woman society expected them to be† (Petrie 180). This is true for the typical Victorian ideal, but in â€Å"The Importance Importance of Being Earnest† Wilde reverses this idea, having the men get pressured by the expectation of the women. This is shown exceptionally true when both Jack and Algernon are at Shropshire and they are planning on getting re-christened in order to change their name to Ernest, as stated by Jack â€Å"I have just made arrangements with Dr. Chasuble to be christened at a quarter to six†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wilde 1766) and Algernon â€Å"I made arrangements to be christened at 5:30† (Wilde 1766). When Jack first finds out about Gwendolyn’s obsession over the name Ernest, and asks if she could love him if his name was Jack, she harshly responds â€Å"Jack? No, there is very little music in the name Jack, if any at all, indeed. It does not t hrill. It produces absolutely no vibrations†¦ I have known several Jacks, and they all, without exception, were plain† (Wilde 1742). This goes against the ideal that the

The Nature And Scope Of Terrorism - 862 Words

Introduction The nature and scope of terrorism is shifting. Following the 9/11 attacks, the United States developed a massive counterterrorism apparatus to defeat Al-Qaeda. However, over the past decade there has been a noticeable difference in how terrorists recruit and operate. The international community has not yet adjusted to these changes, and states continue to rely on conventional methods to combat terrorism. With ISIS emerging as a global terrorist threat, there is a need to implement strategies that can successfully defeat this unconventional enemy. This paper will discuss the evolution of ISIS, and compare it with Al-Qaeda. It will analyze how the US strategies designed to defeat Al-Qaeda are inadequate to deal with ISIS, and provide some policy recommendations. The origin of ISIS can be traced back to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in 1979, when Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi joined the global recruitment of ‘mujahedeen’ to defeat the communist enemy (Beau champ, 2016). At the end of the war in 1989, Osama bin Laden formed Al-Qaeda, whereas Zarqawi unsuccessfully attempted to form a similar group in Jordan. Following the invasion of Iraq in 2003, Zarqawi formed his own terrorist group in the country. He recruited many of the Sunni soldiers from Saddam Hussein’s disbanded army who were angry, unemployed and looking for retribution (Beauchamp, 2016). By 2004, Zarqawi’s terrorist organization was the most brutal in Iraq, and it became the officialShow MoreRelatedThe Usa Patriot Act : An Essential Step Against The Constitutional Rights Of All Americans1185 Words   |  5 Pagesaddress the realities of modern terrorism. 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Effects of curriculum changes on music education free essay sample

It will also examine the alternative theories of how this enforced learning of a core subject may either aid the pupils learning experience as a whole, or serve to disc-engender and alienate them from any further learning of the subject. A survey will proffer opinion from those both inside and out the education sphere on the outcome they envisage for both the pupil and the country, following these changes.Finally, taking this combination of evidence, research and opinion into consideration, the conclusion will opine that thus far, there is little to substantiate a proven basis for these changes, nor has any evidence been provided to conclusively confirm or disprove any benefits to either the pupil or the music industry.Given these findings, the paper will conclude that, in light of the short period between the changes and the search and most especially given the lack of any evidence to suggest either areas of positive or negative outcomes, that it is impossible to make an accurate fo recast as to the future outcome these changes may afford the music industry in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of curriculum changes on music education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acknowledgements With grateful thanks to the staff Of the Music Department Of The Manchester College, most especially Jeff Thompson, Michael Hooker and Serene Boyd for their professional opinions and personal reflections.Introduction Despite extensive research, the rationale behind the implementation Of music as a core subject until Key Stage 3 is still unclear, with attempts to uncover NY evidential reasoning behind it providing little more than scant circumstantial evidence. In a speech in February 2014, given at The London School of Excellence, Michael Gave makes constant reference to the need for a much higher level of education from all schools, which should be given in equal measure all pupils, no matter their background or lifestyle.The overall tone of his speech implies that the improvement of Britain as a whole will stem from a properly educated generation of pupils. This is re-iterated in his speech given to McAllen in May of the same year, when he states that getting ever y childs education right is central to our long-term economic plan for the country (Gave, M. 2014). He further expands on this as he unveils the plans for an improved apprenticeship scheme to heal the apartheid between our education system(Gave, M. 2014)(Appendix A).Darrel Hen less Review of the Reforms to Music Education report states that Research evidence shows that a quality music education can improve self- confidence, behavior and social skills (Henley, D. B). However, there is no further mention of this evidence within the paper, nor any research shown to substantiate this claim. Although it makes mention of many Of the issues concerned, it does not proffer any background or evidence to justify its opinions. This, and Coves aforementioned speech, are, in essence, the only written evidence available as to Coves thought on education and its need for reform on the scale he has proposed.His approach is one of almost back to basics, where heads and teachers are seemingly placed in charge once more, given the implementation of the updated Behavior and Discipline Guidelines for Head Teachers (Appendix C). It is fair to assume from both of these documents that Gave envisages that a trice and fairer working environment for the pupil will produce a better educated and well-rounded individual, capable of and willing to participate in and contribute to an improved society.His ethos appears to be that this will, in turn, boost the economy and society across the board. His mention of this broad spectrum belief is mentioned in a radio interview for Radio 3 Music Matters in June this year (Appendix D). In it, he reflects on his speech given at the Royal Opera House earlier in the year, and re-iterates that . . Clearly it is my belief that an understanding of the tradition of classical music is absolutely part of what a properly rounded education should M. 2013).Although he also makes mention of access to music education for less financially able pupils and acknowledges the uncertainty amongst teaching staff, he does not introduce any evidence to support his musings. This lack of supporting evidence is the endemic theme running throughout the research, providing little or no scientific basis for a measured conclusion. Contents page Cover Sheet Page 1 Page 2 page 3 page 4 Page 5 Research paper pages 6-9 Conclusion pages 10-11 References Page 12 Bibliography Pages 13-16 Appendix A McAllen Speech Appendix BHenley Review Appendix C Behavior Guidelines Appendix D Radio 3 Interview Transcript Appendix E Plato Appendix F A New Direction Appendix G The Mozart Theory Appendix H Music Tourism Report Appendix I Music Export Growth Scheme Appendix J Mockingbird Article Appendix K May, Gave Dispute Ap pendix L Reactions to Changes Appendix M Us Nee Rues Its Appendix N Additional Research Apt 1 Appendix O Additional Research Apt 2 Appendix P Additional Research Apt Research Paper An overview of Michael Coves childhood provides us with a background of state education, and latterly, his frequent assertions of support for the caching community.Following the reforms to many modules of the national curriculum for England in February 2014, the evidence used to rationalist these changes has been challenged at many levels. Janet Downs Freedom of Information application for the evidence used as the catalyst to change the curriculum revealed, not as was hoped for, a series of independent studies or statistical based evidence; rather a handful of commissioned surveys detailed in The New Statesman as a survey of 2000 1 1 to 16 year olds by Premier Inn; a study commissioned by Lord Ashcroft of 1000 children aged 11 to 18 to ark the unveiling of the Bomber Command Memorial in London; a report by Professor Robert Tombs for think-tank Polite; an article by London Mums Magazine; research carried out by the Sea Cadets to mark the anniversary of the Battle of Tarantula (Here, A. 2013) The need for such an in-depth overhaul based on what appears to be relatively unscientific research has caused consternation across the education world, especially given the way the timeliness for these changes were rushed through and how resources for these changes have been difficult to secure. It is difficult, when faced with suc h seemingly unsubstantiated data, to perceive that this was Coves sole basis for the curricular overhaul however, there appears to be no more reasoning put forth by the Department of Education other than the findings released to Janet Downs, via the Freedom of Information Act.Although there is no evidence to suggest that there has been any specific research into this area by the Department of Education, it may be pertinent to examine two differing schools of thought as regards pupil learning, in order to observe this matter of music opportunity versus enforced learning. Do not train a child to learn y force or harshness; but direct them to it by what amuses their minds, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each. (Plato, 423-374 BC)(Appendix E). This thinking is perhaps best anecdotally evidenced in todays modern world, by comparing the time spent by children on learning in relation to their homework in direct Contrast to the ti me they spend learning to play a new online game. Although, as a generalization, it is fair to suggest that homework is perceived as not fun, the excitement of a new games console challenge is usually afforded much more mime and perceived as fun. Although both actions bring about their own learning experiences, Plats theory suggests that the learning from the game activity is a sub-conscious one, and therefore, further learning will be both sought out and enjoyed by the child. He states that this will bring out the best, individually, in each child. An enforced learning environment, it is suggested, would deter the child from wishing to pursue any further involvement with the topic in hand, thus removing their continuing learning process from it. Under the new curriculum, all children will be in receipt of a music education thin their timetable until Key Stage 3.In a report by Greg Keller on the findings of A New Direction, a think tank for arts and young people based in London, allowing the pupil a choice to continue with their mus ic education at this stage will have a statutory entitlement to be able to study a minimum of one subject in each of these four areas, meaning that all pupils will be entitled to study one arts subject should they wish (Keller, G. 2014)(Appendix F). This certainly makes provision for all children to aspire to a relevant and educated background in preparation for a career in the music industry should they sire, and is reported as well received by both teachers and arts organizations alike. It provides a broad spectrum opportunity to all pupils, regardless of class, background, race or gender. Conversely, there is also the consideration that pupils may, if they so wish, decide not to continue with their music education once they have reached Key Stage 4.It must be questioned at this juncture, how many pupils will have either had their interest heightened by the 3 years previous compulsory music education, or how many will have been turned away from any enjoyment of the art form by this enforced learning of the subject matter. If, as Plats theory suggests, that forcing a child to learn a subject effectively turns them away from it, what possible benefits can there be to either the pupil or the music industry if they then choose no t to continue their music education? One industry professional, who currently works with children under 16, running accessible music workshops outside school hours, ponders if the monies spent on changing the curriculum might have been better put to use by funding peripatetic teachers and musicians to go into the schools.This would allow all pupils the same access to a music education should they want it, and would river to continue to support and educate those pupils who wished to enter into a music career, without the need for those less interested to have their timetables altered for a subject which they had no interest in. However, such a system may well place music outside of the curriculum, and this would not fulfill Coves objective that it be an accessible art for all. There is, of course, the possibility that Coves changes are based on the desire to increase educational standards as a whole, as mentioned in his speech to Manacles- One aspect of motivational and assisted learning techniques he may have searched is that of The Mozart Theory(Appendix G).As a very broad overview, The Mozart Theory suggests that, for a short period of time, spatial awareness can be improved by listening to certain passages of Mozart music. This theory has been oft MIS-quoted and challenged, although it is most often the MIS-quoted exaggerations of the research which have been disputed. The overall effect of listening to Mozart or any of the other composers whose music has been tested under the same conditions, has been suggested as an avenue to allow the brain to think in a more formulaic fashion. It is thought that the discipline needed to listen to and accept the music can be applied to other walks of life, and thus provide a better level of study from the pupil.It a very fluid theory though, and cannot be applied as a scientific basis for better education. The changes to the music curriculum could be as a result of a drive to increase music exports in the future. The British music export industry currently holds a 13% share of the world market, and it is reasonable to suggest that an increase in the numbers of educated musicians may well result in more British musicians becoming ammos throughout the world. A recent report by UK Music states that the spend from music tourists was E. 2 billion(ELK Music, 2013)(Appendix H). According to the report, music tourism generated 24,000 jobs and is heralded as a massive achievement.However, there is no mention of how many musicians applied for those 24,000 positions. Whilst as a theory, it may well arise that a greater proportion of British bands will attract a bigger audience and therefore increase the turnover of the music industry, there is no evidence to show that this growth can be predicted with anything other than nod in that general direction. There is certainly no evidence to support the theory that by producing an increased musician base, these musicians will produce a thriving export industr y. Quite simply, it has been impossible to uncover any research to suggest to this. That said, there are moves, in the form of grants, to promote the British music industry abroad(Appendix I).Teamed with The British Phonograph Industry (BPi), the Department for I-J Trade and Investment has announced plans to award grants to UK bands, in order to facilitate the promotion of their music abroad. Funds have been made available through this Music Export Growth Scheme, and bands must submit plans for recording or tour costs, which they believe will help to sell their music around the world. Chairman of the Department for UK Trade and Investment, Lord Livingston, says that these grants will enable British bands and performers to excel outside their alma mater, thus helping improve and create employment opportunity. this exporting strength brings jobs and economic growth to the J. 2014). The drive towards a more technology based music syllabus would lend some credence to Gave receiving this to be a way to improve the business acumen of the arts. There is some circumstantial, albeit not music related evidence to suggest that many of the curriculum changes are borne from Coves desire to instill a better knowledge of British heritage throughout the education system. Recent news coverage has highlighted Coves decision to remove several works of literature and writers from the syllabus, namely American classics such as To Kill a Mockingbird (Appendix J). Although disputed post revelation, with the assertion that nothing had been banned from the syllabus, a further sews article proceeded to reveal the removal from the reading list of several non-British authors.Gave maintains that this is to provide a much better and deeper understanding of a broader spectrum of literature for the pupil, but the British content of the syllabus very much mirrors the study of British music c ontained in the music syllabus. This may be linked back to a desire to increase cultural awareness and a pride in British culture, given his previous work at The Policy Exchange, a think tank for policies and implementation of anti-terror policies and society improvements. This belief is somewhat retired by the very recent and public dispute between Gave and the Home Secretary, Theresa May. May questions if the Department of Education acted correctly when it Was warned in 2010 (May, T 2014) as regards the issue of an Salamis plot to radicalism schools in Birmingham. Coves response that Whitehall does not tackle extremism early enough lends more credence to the idea that he regards pride in nationality as a high priority (Appendix K). On balance, whilst it is entirely possible to apply almost every single aspect of the above thesis to suggest the reasoning behind Michael Coves curricular upheaval, I find it impossible to pinpoint any single theory which could be perceived as a solid basis for the thinking behind the significant changes made. Presented together, the collective arguments amount to a relatively persuasive proposal to persuade one as to the validity of the pursuit of further research into the topic.However, would not have supposed that this proposal, without much further and detailed research and data, would have been persuasive enough to warrant any change to the curriculum. The decision to alter the curriculum, having found no other evidence to obstinate or corroborate the initial surveys, has, in my opinion, been based less on sol id subject knowledge or correctly recorded informative data, and more on an unstable foundation of ideas and disparate thoughts. Decisions made on such a basis as this hold little factual weight, and it is small wonder that the academic world has questioned the relevance and validity of the initial research.Such a departure from the usual teaching guidelines and standards will require an extra level of work from the teaching staff, and, certainly in the case of the music syllabus, may well demand a level of chemical capabilities beyond some. I envisage this to be a major stumbling block for many music teachers, who may find themselves being taught by those pupils who are already composing and editing digital music as part of their daily life routine. This in itself places an enormous strain on both the teaching fraternity and possibly school budgets, should extra coaching be required by external specialists in order to fulfill this possible skills gap.

Iv Therapy free essay sample

Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is when a patient is given liquid substances directly into a vein. The word intravenous means within a vein†. Therapies administered intravenously are often called specialty pharmaceuticals. IV therapy is commonly referred to as a drip because many of the ways it is administered use a drip chamber, which prevents air entering the blood stream and allows an idea of how much is flowing in to your body. Compared with other ways of administration the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. Some medications, as well as blood transfusions and lethal injections, can only be given intravenously. The simplest form of IV therapy is given through a hypodermic needle. This kind of needle is hollow and allows for the drip to be administered directly to the vein. The needle can be directly attached to a syringe or even to tubing that may be attached to a drip of whatever medication is needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Iv Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The needle is usually put into a peripheral vein, this is any vein not in the chest or abdomen. Any easily accessible vein can be used but most commonly veins in the hand or arm are used. In infants it is common to use the veins in the scalp. Central IV lines flow through a catheter with its tip within a large vein, usually the superior vena cava, or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart. This has several advantages over a peripheral IV. It can deliver fluids and medications that would be too irritating to peripheral veins because of their concentration or chemical composition. These include some chemotherapy drugs. Medications reach the heart immediately, and are quickly distributed to the rest of the body. However central IV’s run a higher risk of giving you an infection, causing bleeding, and possibly even causing gangrene. A common reason to be hooked up to an IV is for dehydration therapy. Those unable or unwilling to drink or who have repetitive vomiting can receive fluid replacement IV. You are hooked up to a drip and your fluids and electrolytes are replaced through the IV in your hand or arm. There are two types of fluids that are used for intravenous drips; crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0. 9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood. Ringer’s lactate or Ringers acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. A solution of 5% dextrose in water, sometimes called D5W, is often used instead if the patient is at risk for having low blood sugar or high sodium. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of the medications being given.

Operational Decision Making

Operational Decision Making Company Description Rotana Jet Aviation, also known as Rotana Airways, is one of the leading domestic airlines in the United Arab Emirates. This airline company has its main operating base in Al†Bateen Airport, which is about 10 kilometers from Abu Dhabi City. The company offers travel services to both the domestic and international passengers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operational Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has been keen to offer quality services to its customers. This is reflected in its mission statement that says, â€Å"To offer quality travel services to domestic and international travelers at reasonable costs.† The company has been experiencing growth in the market, especially after adding new international routes to the previously existing routes. Description of Operations It is important to understand the operational activities of Rotana Jet, and the m eans through which it turns its inputs into output. As stated above, this firm offers travel services to its clients in the market. One of the main inputs of this firm is the planes used to deliver the service. The firm purchases the planes (input) which it uses to offer the travel services (output) to the clients from one location to another. Another important input that the firm has been using is the entertainment facilities, especially the music system fitted in the seats. This input is used to offer entertainment services to its clients. The firm uses coffee, water, and sugar as inputs, to make coffee as the product for its clients while on board their planes. As Bruce (40) observes, the current competitive market in the airline industry is forcing the airline companies to offer better quality products in order to attract a pool of loyal customer. This explains why Rotana Jet is keen on offering their clients drinks and entertainment services. Another important input that this f irm uses in its operations is the human labor, which includes pilots and cabin crew. The pilots work to ensure that clients are flown from one location to another, while other cabin crews work as a team to ensure that the journey is more enjoyable for the customers. Supply Chain Decisions In the current competitive market, firms are keen to ensure that they employ the best strategy in their supply chain management. This is because they are under pressure to ensure that they are efficient in their operations. Sauter (73) observes that there is need to ensure that acquisition of raw materials, their movement to the firm, and distribution strategies used by a firm are very efficient in order to increase profitability.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rotana Jets has been keen to ensure that its supply chain is managed appropriately to deliver the desired results i n the market. The diagram below shows some of the most important activities that the operations manager will be concerned with in supply chain management. The products, especially the jets will be coming directly from the manufacturer to the firm. Once this is received, the firm will use the input to offer travel services to the customer. Operations manager will always need to make a decision of whether to make such orders through well-established agents in the market, or to contact the manufacturer directly. This decision will always be guided by the associated costs. One of the main strategies that this firm has been using in the market to increase its productivity is cost leadership. This means that Rotana Jet’s operations manager would determine the options available in the supply chain, and determine the associated costs at each stage in the activities identified above. The firm would then make a decision on the option that is most efficient and cost effective. Accordin g to Sauter (51), in supply chain management, firms are always concerned of the best approach to use in order to ensure that they get inputs in time and at the most desirable plans so that a chain of other activities can begin. Given the cost leadership strategy that this firm has been using, it is important for the operational manager to ensure that the decision on the approach to take in acquiring the inputs is conscious of these factors. The management should ensure that the product is always ready whenever the customers need them. Operational Decisions Understanding critical operational decisions within a firm is one of the ways through which a firm can gain competitive advantage in the market (Mahadevan 81). One of the most important critical operational decisions is the choice of product design. Rotana Jet must devise a way to design its products in a manner that will give it an advantage in the market.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Operational Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a fact that all airlines offer travel services to their customers. However, Rotana must design its products in a unique manner that will help differentiate its services in the market. The management should make a decision to design unique seats, customized entertainment services, high quality customer care, and other unique qualities to its products. These decisions would have a direct contribution to the overall strategy of the firm. The identified decision areas focus on improving quality of services of this firm in the market. They are directly concerned of how Rotana Jet will offer positively unique service to its customers. This means that the operations manager must consider making these decisions out of the desire to offer quality service to its customers at reasonable prices. For this to be achieved, the management must ensure that costs of production are maintained as low as po ssible. Productivity According to Anderson (56), a firm should have a clear way of measuring productivity. This will help it when determining the sustainability of its operations. At Rotana Jets, the need to measure productivity is very strong. This is because of the increasing competition in this market, and the rising costs of production. The main approach of measuring productivity in this firm is through determining the output that is made of the operational activities. The output will be measured through sales made after a given trading period. The firm would then determine the associated costs during that period. The productivity would then be determined by deducting the costs from sales to find the profits. The profits will help in understanding the productivity of the firm. The profits generated should be reasonable enough to sustain operational activities of this company, and be able to foster development. To improve productivity of this company, the operational manager shou ld expand the scope of the firm’s internet marketing to include social media marketing. This is because social media such as Facebook and Tweeter are used by a large number of people who can form part of the customer base of this firm. This strategy will also help this firm create viral marketing in the internet.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anderson, David. An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making. Mason: South-Western, 2008. Print. Bruce, Peter. Understanding Decision-Making Processes in Airline. New York: Cengage, 2012. Print. Mahadevan, Bernard. Operations Management: Theory and Practice. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2010. Print. Sauter, Vicki. Decision Support Systems for Business Intelligence. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. Appendix Cabin Crew Offering Value-Added Service to the Customers

Free Morphemes in English, Definition and Example

Free Morphemes in English, Definition and Example A free morpheme is a  morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word. It is also called an  unbound morpheme or a free-standing morpheme.  A free morpheme is the opposite of a bound morpheme, a word element that cannot stand alone as a  word. Many words in English consist of a single free morpheme. For example, each word in the following sentence is a distinct morpheme: I need to go now, but you can stay. Put another way, none of the nine words in that sentence can be divided into smaller parts that are also meaningful. There are two basic kinds of free morphemes: content words and function words. Examples and Observations A simple word consists of a single morpheme, and so is a free morpheme, a morpheme with the potential for independent occurrence.  In The farmer kills the duckling the  free morphemes are the, farm, kill and duck. It is important to notice here that (in this sentence) not all of these free morphemes are words in the sense of minimal free formsfarm and duck are cases in point. (William McGregor,  Linguistics: An Introduction. Continuum, 2009) Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes A word like house or dog is called a free morpheme because it can occur in isolation and cannot be divided into smaller meaning units...The word quickest...is composed of two morphemes, one bound and one free. The word quick is the free morpheme and carries the basic meaning of the word. The est makes the word a superlative and is a bound morpheme because it cannot stand alone and be meaningful. (Donald G. Ellis, From Language to Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999) Two Basic Types of Free Morphemes Morphemes can be divided into two general classes. Free morphemes are those which can stand alone as words of a language, whereas bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Most roots in English are free morphemes (for example, dog, syntax, and to), although there are a few cases of roots (like -gruntle as in disgruntle) that must be combined with another bound morpheme in order to surface as an acceptable lexical item... Free morphemes can be further subdivided into content words and function words. Content words, as their name suggests, carry most of the content of a sentence. Function words generally perform some kind of grammatical role, carrying little meaning of their own. One circumstance in which the distinction between function words and content words is useful is when one is inclined to keep wordiness to a minimum; for example, when drafting a telegram, where every word costs money. In such a circumstance, one tends to leave out most of the function words (like to, that, and, there, some, and but), concentrating instead on content words to convey the gist of the message. (Steven Weisler and Slavoljub P. Milekic, Theory of Language. MIT Press, 1999)

The Asthma Trap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Asthma Trap - Essay Example The cause of asthma is not known but there are a few factors or social forces that can safely be said are the major causes of asthma. Genetic factor is one of the most common factors that say that it is hereditary and runs in the family. Next is the environmental factor that suggests that pollen, house dust mites, animal dander and tobacco smoke if present in the environment are allergens that trigger asthma. Irritants in the workplace like chemicals, dust, gases etc are major causes of asthma in adults that are due to the occupation which gives exposure to such allergens as in the paint factory or where dealing with raw cotton is done etc. A healthy lifestyle is very important as if dietary habits are not correct then asthma is likely to happen due to increased intake of processed foods and high use of salt. Less exercise and leading a very sedentary life is also one of the causes as reduced exercise means less stretching of the airways due to which abnormal contraction is observed even upon exposure to the minor irritants. Asthma is related to multiple factors which are beyond patients' control. Asthma has become the most common chronic illness among children in USA, affecting some 6 million kids, and its prevalence is growing at a rate that some public health experts find alarming. Since 1982, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of asthma sufferers in the United States has doubled. Sara Corbett Like any other disease asthma too burdens the patients and their families both emotionally and financially. Particularly asthma in children takes a toll on the entire family as parents miss work to care for their children and struggle to pay hospital bills, children's grades fall off as absenteeism from school increases hence lower productivity at work. Patients dependent on inhalers have to carry it with them all the time and using it in public makes them conscious and socially misfit and some patients due to this often go into social recluse. Asthma burdens the patient financially as well. According to a study childhood asthma costs the nation $3.2 billion annually in health care expenses also the constant fear of a severe attack and the fear of death is always associated with asthma. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 5,000 Americans die this way every year. Sara Corbett My brother is asthmatic and I personally have seen him going into social hermit and avoiding social gatherings because of the fear of asthma attacks or public usage of inhalers when suffering shortness of breath. As a child he felt chained while playing with kids his age who freely used to bike or used to indulge in strenuous activities as my brother took every step very cautiously because of asthma attack fear as in the past he had suffered when he was just having fun with people his age and doing things of his age. An interesting finding is that factors such as race, ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic can influence child health and have its impact on asthma. Let's discuss each factor: Gender Boys as compared to girls are more prone to asthma. However, in adolescence it's the reverse and asthma is more severe in females and is under diagnosed and undertreated. This change is seen around the time of puberty and could possibly be due to hormonal changes and differences in environmental

The Role of the Derivatives in Credit Default Essay

The Role of the Derivatives in Credit Default - Essay Example This is known as the ability of derivatives to soar 100 percent within a few days, when the security has risen to by a small percent of 10 percent. Derivatives are also used to control large blocks of stocks for a much lesser sum that would be required for the outright purchase (Carter, 2009, p. 67). This means that derivatives give people the ability to control and manage risk. As supervisors of banking, the central bank are concerned that commercial banks’ participation in derivatives markets could lead to a major bank default that could be worsen and lead to the disruption of financial markets. Default on any derivative or financial contract involves the failure by one party to the contract to make a payment under the required contract agreements. For derivatives, default occurs when two conditions are met in a simultaneous manner. In this case, a party to the contract is in debt under the contract terms, and the counterparty cannot obtain the money within the given period (Hanson, 2010, p. 58). No regulation of the derivatives can work well if there is no strong mandatory mechanism that would expose raw data to the regulators in policing the market for misuse. Credit derivatives are the causative factors that led to the overwhelmed financial markets that led to the recession. Due to deposit insurance and the reluctance of the government to let the banks, the credit risk is transferred to the government which is the turned onto the tax payers. The bank depositors who are the main stake holders have no incentive in monitoring the banks’ risk exposure. This move will allow the banks to load up on risk without attracting additional capital. This means that unregulated credit derivatives will offer unprecedented leverage. Since finance markets are a true reflection of a true economy, the misuses of the derivatives can have a great impact on it (Teslik, 2009, p. 60). The credit defaults have played a major role in the financial problems that people are faced with. The high volatility and turbulence that financial markets experienced is as a result of their misuse of derivative security. Banks that have been faced with lack of operating capital have been faced with the wrath of fluctuating values in their debt obligation, mortgage backed securities and credit default swaps. 2) What lessons should be taken by the UK’s financial sector and regulators in relation to 'Bear Stearns’ and other high profile cases? An important lesson that has been learned is the difference between short term and long term liability has been neglected or has been given insufficient attention by regulators. With reference to the liability structure of the U.S banking system, there is a clear majority of short term debts. This was taken in forms of wholesale or deposit funding which included commercial paper or repurchase agreements. Whole sale funding runs were also witnessed through refusal or commercial paper or repo creditors to roll ov er their loans. This played a major role in the demise Bear Stearns, Northern Rock and Lehman Brother among other higher profile failure cases. The UK’s financial sector should be able to regulate debt maturity (Kirkpatrick, 2009, p. 78). Another lesson that was learned was that the fire scale risk associated with excessive short term funding does not only originate from depositories, but rather, a financial intermediary with a combination of financing structure and asset choice which may exacerbate a

Law and Morality Essay Example for Free

Law and Morality Essay It is not an everyday occurrence that someone must decide the fate of anothers life. The dilemma of making a decision that someone must die in order for the others to survive, can obviously be troubling. The process in which the termination of ones life may be easy to make, but to justify that decision is the most difficult one. This paper is given a situation in which a decision of taking ones life is essential. The situation is that a nuclear war has occurred, which has destroyed most of the centres of civilization. There are five people that are that have escaped death by finding their way to a nuclear bunker. These five people consist of a pregnant woman; an old man, who is a retired judge; two teenagers a fourteen-year-old boy and a sixteen-year-old girl; and a young and healthy woman who is a doctor. They all have been there for fifteen days and they must remain there for an additional fifteen days before they can be rescued. The problem is that although there are five of them in the bunker, there is only enough food for four people to survive for the remaining fifteen days. Rationing the food will not be of any use, because all will die with such a plan. The only way for most of the survivors to live for the next fifteen days is for one to die. Somehow they have contacted an outside source to advise them on the questions of Who shall die? , and How should the decision of choosing the person be carried out? These are all very difficult questions to answer, but something must be done. It is unlikely that someone will voluntarily allow someone to kill them so that the others may live, that is why another form of decision making must be allowed. The best way to do so is probably by that outside aid to suggest that they try drawing lots. For example whoever pulls the shortest straw is the one who dies. With no time to procrastinate, this would seem the most time efficient and fairest way to choose who will die. Of course a reason must be provided to the person who had drawn the shortest straw, and that is the objective of this paper. This essay will explain how the decision will be made that will ultimately take one of the survivors lives to save the remaining four people. From that explanation of the decision made, it will attempt to justify it. This paper proposes to explain and justify the decision by using legal tools such as Law and Morality, the Meta Rule, and The Doctrine of Necessity. The advice provided on how to carry out the unfortunate death of an innocent person may not be a right one, but perhaps it will be legally and morally justified. Law and morality play a large role here, mainly because there is a legal issue and a moral issue associated with the predicament. The reason law has a part in the situation is that after the decision is made, it will be examined legally and must be accountable for its consequences. Morality has its place too, because many will find it morally wrong to take ones life despite any justification. . there is some connection between law and morality, but the two are clearly not identical. First, morality is only concerned with right or wrong, with the good and evil; law is concerned with lots of things on which there is no right and wrong procedures for land registration, incorporation and so on. Second, morality is to some extent uncertain and a matter for each individual, law tries to be objective, written down in black and white and there for all to see. Third, morality often leaves things vague and subject to general principle, law goes into specifics. 1 From that description of law and morality, it is obvious how they relate to the issue here. When the time comes for one of the five people in the bunker eventually to die, it must be legally justified. The reason for this is that murder is illegal, unless legally justified. 2 On the other hand, reasons for the killing must be provided to put to ease those who question the dilemma in accordance to morality. Since law and morality are equally important and both are evenly delicate when dealing with this issue, advising the survivors on what to do will not be easy. Pleasing everybody is impossible, whether it is examined from a legal viewpoint or a moral one. However, if the situation is analysed with both the law and morality issues in mind, there may be a chance that many will see some sort of vindication behind the decision to kill someone. One example that can probably create a good foundation to better explain the complexity of the given situation, is that of the case of R. v. Dudley and Stephens. A basic summary of the case is as follows: Thomas Dudley, Edward Stephens, another man by the name of Brooks, and Richard Parker, who was a boy in his late teens, were the crew of an English yacht. All four of them were cast away in a storm 1,600 miles away from the Cape of Good hope. This boat was not supplied with any water or any food, except a few canned vegetables that lasted them a duration of three days. Being lost at sea, with no food or water, they needed to find someway to keep themselves alive so that they could live long enough for them to be rescued. Many days went by, and within that time they had not eaten or drank anything. Both Dudley and Stephens suggested to Brooks that someone be sacrificed to save the rest, Brooks disagreed, and they never told the boy of the idea. The next suggestion by Dudley and Stephens was that they should draw lots to see who should sacrifice their life to save the others, again Brooks refused and they did not let the boy in on the plan. Eventually the decision that if no vessel were to come around the next day, they should kill the boy. This decision, yet again, came from Dudley and Stephens. Again Brooks disagreed and the boy was never consulted. A day passed and no vessel was in sight. Dudley went to the boy, who was sleeping, and killed him. They fed upon the body of the boy and drank his blood for the following four days when they were finally rescued. After being returned to shore Dudley and Stephens were brought to court, put on trial, and lastly sentenced to death by the court. This decision was eventually brought down to life imprisonment, but then they released Dudley and Stephens after six months. 3 The case of R v. Dudley and Stephens is very similar to that of the one being looked at in this essay. In both cases, each group of people do not have enough or any food to survive long enough to be rescued, someone must die in order for the rest to survive, and both situations have legal and moral repercussions. Both Dudley and Stephens had understandable reasons to kill the young boy in order to survive, and could have escaped being sentenced to death if they had done one thing, consulted the boy. By not consulting the boy, an argument can be formulated to prove that they should have never released Dudley and Stephens from their first sentence of death. The boy never consented to his life being taken away from him, but if he were consulted and provided a reason to why he must be killed then perhaps Dudley and Stephens could have avoided any type of punishment. It is probably safe to assume that the boy would have not wanted his life to be taken away from him, and Brooks obviously rejected all of Dudley and Stephens suggestions, therefore it is apparent that some method of solving disputes was in order. So is the case with the five people in the bunker. Although they are in a dilemma of who and how someone should be chosen to die. Unlike Dudley and Stephens, these five people were able to reach an outside source to aid them with their problem. First of all, this outside source can offer them a method of solving their disputes by administering the Meta Rule. The way in which the Meta Rule operates is as follows, Disputes are resolved by the decision of one or more persons, once arguments from each side of the issue have been put. 4 An outside aid is ideal in such a predicament, because they can offer an objective review of the situation and listen to all the arguments made by those in the bunker; this a process that is called Audialteramparten, which in Latin means to hear both sides. It is important that the decision-maker hear both sides and that the decision-maker also be a generalist. 5 The reason for this, is that by listening to both sides they can know all the concerns that the people in the bunker have, and by being a generalist they can be impartial to the situation, thereby making a rational and fair decision. By imposing the Meta Rule, this outside source can make a decision, and according to the Meta Rule, this must be carried out. Whether or not the decision is wrong does not matter, it is imperative and necessary that one be made to resolve the dispute of who, how, and why someone must die. The doctrine of necessity is a very important notion to this case, because it is necessary that someone die in order for the remaining four survive. ? Necessity knows no law, it is often said. In other words, you cant be held legally liable for an act you had to do. 6 This is what the people in the bunker must remember, and this will legally justify the decision to kill someone. Morally, whether the decision was right or wrong, can be argued till the end of time, but there is no time to accommodate a moral debate. All that is left to do now, is to draw lots and find out who is going to have to die for the others to live. When the selection has been made by lots, the victim yields of course to their fate; or if they resist, force may be employed to coerce division. 7 As harsh as it may sound, if necessity has no legal standing in this situation, it should not stand in any other case. In other words, necessity has been used as an argument to justify ones actions in other cases and is accordingly justifiable in this circumstance. Making a decision on the situation without examining it with knowledge of law and morality, the Meta Rule, and the doctrine of necessity would make it even more difficult to find a rational reason why one of the five people in the bunker should die, let alone justify it. Law and morality illustrated how sensitive a situation such as this can be, and how difficult it is to make a pure legal decision when morals are a large part of everyones lives. The Meta Rule showed that even when the courts are not present to facilitate a case, there is always another method of resolving disputes legally. Finally, the doctrine of necessity explained why some forms of action are necessary and must be taken and applied to a given condition. It is unfortunate that there are cases in which people, whether or not they know each other, must kill someone else to save their own life. It must be even more disturbing, rather than unfortunate, for a person to sacrifice their life for the welfare of another, nevertheless it is noble. Perhaps this goes to show that when it is absolutely necessary to kill someone in order to preserve ones own life, murder is always justifiable. Works Cited 1 Patrick Fitzgerald and King Mc Shane. Looking at Law: Canadas Legal System. 4th ed. (Ottawa: Tri-Graphic Printing Ltd. ) 1994. Pg. 3. 2 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed.. (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pg. 24. 3 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed. . (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pgs. 19-24. 4 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996. 5 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996. 6 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed. . (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pg. 25. 7 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996.

Possibilities for a Better World :: Kurt Vonnegut Cats Cradle Essays

Possibilities for a Better World The picture painted of the world and humanity by Kurt Vonnegut in Cats' Cradle is not a positive one. It is not the utopia that so many of the novel's character's are striving for. It is a ridiculous world where truths are based on lies and the balance of good and evil is a manufactured state. If Vonnegut's attempt is to "poison minds with humanity†¦ to encourage them to make a better world," it is only through showing the reader the follies of man, the foolishness we live with daily, that maybe we can change our outlook and make a "better world." Within the 191 pages of Cat's Cradle Vonnegut manages to slam nearly every mode of life, every motivating factor, every convention of modern man. The strongest attacks are on our ways to knowledge: science and religion. Science is shown as a field led by madmen who do not comprehend the consequences of their research and creations. Religion is shown as being all lies developed to keep man happy. The characters of the novel are not unscathed either. Most are shown as greedy, uncompromising, and unsympathetic. They are led by unknown forces to do bad things, foolish things. Vonnegut "poisons" the reader with these examples of mankind. He examines, with wit and comedy, the selfish and foolish nature of humanity. One can look at the actions of the characters and their actions, along with the consequences of those actions, and draw from it a conclusion about the futility of living. Vonnegut can certainly be seen as a cynic for the image that he gives us of humanity. He takes it one step further, though, by showing us all of the absurdity of our modern lives. He wants us to see that we live by lies. Even the words on the page are lies. There is no truth. And in this way we are not bound to live the life that Vonnegut portrays. There may be a better end for us than there is at the end of Cat's Cradle. Maybe then it is possible for us, all of mankind, to make it a "better world." With Vonnegut's poisonous attacks on all our sacred systems he may be trying to show us that there is a better way to live. I will continue to argue that Cat's Cradle goes beyond satire, and gives us a truly cynical look at the world and humanity.

Ethanol Production from Banana Peels Essay

Abstract: This study entitled â€Å"Ethanol Production from Waste Banana Peelings† aims to produce an alternative way in producing energy. Production of green energy from waste material has played an important role in recent days due to the depletion of non-renewable energy resources. Ethyl alcohol commonly called as Ethanol, is found useful widely as an alternative fuel for engines. In view of the growing demand of the ethanol, search of an alternative source for its production has also been increased. Banana is one of the most familar and widely used fruit. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, India is the largest banana producing nation. Many items like banana chips, juice, banana cue are made from banana. After the consumption of the flesh, the peelings are just thrown as garbage with no use. India is facing two major problems, energy crisis and proper waste disposal. So, we are here with an idea of using that waste peelings to produce ethanol to help for its increasing demand in the present situation. Method: The production of Ethanol from Banana peels involves two phases. i)Fermentation ii)Distillation The peels of nendran variety of bananas are taken as they are rich in cellulose and are kept in hot oven at 338K and dried sample is taken and is dissolved in hot water for starch extraction through soxhlet apparatus. This solution is treated with amylase enzyme for hydrolysis of starch to occur. It is the subjected to fermentation process by inoculation of S.cerevisiae for 3 days at 300K which results in the production of ethanol. Ethanol from the solution is extracted by the Steam distillation which is the most efficient of all the distillation processes. Steam is supplied from the top of the flask in which ethanol solution is present and the ethanol vapours are collected from another outlet and are cooled to obtain ethanol. Result: For 320 gm of dried sample, this yields 18.36% of the ethanol production. The main advantage of Ethanol is its organic origins. Ethanol does burn cleaner than gasoline and also doesnot contain significant amounts of toxic materials like lead and benzene.When Ethanol of 15% when blended with 75% of gasoline is used for vehicles, it emits less amount of toxic substances comparatively. Conclusion: This experiment finds an effective bio-waste that could be converted into ethanol to help relieve the dependency on oil and the environment. Banana peel is a wastage material by using it we can produce more ethanol because it has more sugar when compared to other household bio-wastages. This also meets the need of energy crisis as well as a solution for the disposal of waste materials. Bibliography: www.techtop.in/asset http://www.sciencedirect.com http://region3.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=402:ethanol-production-from-waste-banana-peelings-&catid=15:chemistry&Itemid=45

Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn: Focus on Fasd

Running Head: FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn: Focus on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder SWHB 405: Human Behavior in the Social Environment 1 ABSTRACT From conception to birth, the mother’s role in bringing to life and nurturing a healthy baby is paramount. Factors such as the mother’s biological, psychological and social environment play important roles in determining the wellbeing of a child. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, an irreversible condition in children caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy will be discussed.Its biological, psychological and societal implications will be deliberated and recommendations of interventions by Social Workers in alleviating the problem will be suggested. Key words: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Child Development Introduction All human life begins with a fertilized egg known as a zygote. By the eighth week, the zygote is transformed into a fetus which has m ost of its organs formed. After about 9 months (or 38 weeks) of going through transformation within the mother’s womb, the mother delivers a bouncing baby boy or girl into the world.During this time it is imperative that special care and attention is given to the mother and the child that she is carrying. Prenatal care ensures that the mother receives the much needed medical attention, nutritional advice and a positive life style tips. Particular attention is given unusual physiological and medical manifestations which could signal an array of life threatening situations for the mother and unborn child. The culmination of a successful pregnancy is the birth of a baby. Newborns weigh an average between 5. 5 and 9. pounds and they are awake and alert in first hours of life. Newborns begin learning their environment immediately and one of the things they internalize is developing a connection with the mother’s voice. The six states that a baby maintains are: quiet alert, active alert, crying state, drowsiness, quiet sleep, and active sleep (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Babies oscillate from an awakening curious baby, peak at crying when uncomfortable, and dip through to active sleep. These changes may occur slowly or rapidly throughout the course of any given day.Consequently, knowledge about this this critical life stage, helps parents to be better equipped to cope with and nurture the newborn. Risk factors during pregnancy and at birth Various physiological changes in a pregnant mother may cause or indicate a risk for both mother and child. A case in point is bleeding in the first trimester or late in the pregnancy which could mean possible loss of the child or neurological issues. In some instances, natural toxins could build in the mother’s bodies leading to high blood pressure and weight gain which may be fatal to the mother (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012).Further, an increased weight of the mother could bring on diabetes in the child, while low we ight of the child could be a precursor to mental retardation. Biological factors that may affect the fetus’ development during pregnancy include the mother’s age, the number of children prior and how far apart she has had each child (Boyce, 2010). Environmental factors, such as living conditions, diet deficiencies, and the emotional well-being of the mother can all affect the baby during its 38 week development.Pregnant women should be mindful of substances ingested during pregnancy as these are subsequently ingested by the fetus and affect its development. This is exemplified by studies demonstrating that women who drink caffeine tend to have a lower birth rate than women who avoid caffeine (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Other substances that could affect fetal development by causing birth deformities, premature births and possible hyperactivity include tobacco, over the counter medications, hormones and alcohol.Prenatal care there has been shown to dramatically improve th e chances of having a healthy baby. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of certain complications during birth can have lasting repercussions on a child’s life. An example is anoxia, a deficiency of oxygen during birth that could lead to the newborn developing cerebral palsy. Alcohol’s relevance in pregnancy, birth and the newborn Alcohol is a teratogen; an agent or factor that induces or increases the incidence of abnormal prenatal development (Shiel, 2010).Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is manifested in a continuum of disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) (Warren & Murray, in press). The most severe form of this spectrum referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). An alarming statistic from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) studies shows that 0. 2 to 2 cases per 1000 babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Since FASD presents a broad spectrum of symptoms some of which are â€Å"less severe†, it rem ains challenging to diagnose (Fleisher, 2010). As a result, FASD among children is either misdiagnosed or remains undetected.On the other hand, it is relatively easier to identify the key diagnostic features of FAS are they are better established. FASD is prevalent worldwide because alcohol is so widely accepted and used in so many cultures. The teratogenic effects of alcohol were not established until the second half of the 20th century when pediatrician, Paul Lemoine, in France in 1967 and two American pediatric dysmorphologists, Kenneth Lyons Jones and David Smith in 1973, independently documented the pattern of deficits resulting from heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (Warren & Murray, in press).Alcohol was attributed because the children in both settings had common patterns of deficits and it was observed that all of the birth mothers had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorders Biological manifestations The teratogenic effects of alcohol adversely affect the physical developmen t of the fetus and the child. Newborns and children with FAS generally exhibit stunted growth (CDC. Gov, 1983). A distinguishing feature of children with severe FASD and FAS is facial and limb dysmorphology.These children are generally shorter in stature and weigh less than their peers (Warren & Murray, in press). The cardinal or discriminating features include short palpebral fissures (eye opening), an elongated and hypoplastic philtrum (groove between nose and upper lip), and a thin upper vermillion lip border or hypoplastic â€Å"cupid’s bow†. Other features include a low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds (skin folds covering inner corner of the eye), minor ear anomalies, and micrognathia (abnormal smallness of the jaws). Psychological consequencesFacial and limb dysmorphology in children affected by FASD and FAS may cause the child is usually aware that something is â€Å"different† about him or her and thus affect their psychological wellbeing. Additionally, c hildren with FASD have cognitive challenges leading to a myriad of problems such as the following: memory loss, impaired motor skills, neurosensory hearing loss, impaired visual and spatial skills, intellectual impairment, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, problems with reasoning and judgment and an inability to appreciate consequences of actions (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007).Treatment and schooling can be very difficult for a child facing these challenges since their greatest challenge is learning and retaining information. Subsequently, the child may experience depression which can result in self-destructive behavior such as substance abuse, inappropriate sexual behavior, and suicide Societal implications Families are affected immensely when a child is born with FASD/FAS since he/she may exhibit anti-social behavior including an exaggerated startle response, poor wake and sleep patterns, impulsiveness, temper tantrums, lying and stealing (Fleisher, 2010).Moreover, schools, local health care systems, childcare and social services, and the justice system are usually ill-equipped to address the problems presented by FASD. As a result; a person with FASD may experience mental health problems, disrupted schooling, and involvement with crime, substance abuse, and dependent living and employment difficulties throughout their lifetime. As previously stated, the broad spectrum of manifestations of FASD makes it difficult to diagnose.Consequently, individuals suffering from FASD may not be properly diagnosed and are likely to be labeled social misfits and may spend a troubled life on the margins of society thus creating a monumental emotional burden on society (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007). Interventions to aid those affected by FASD These physical, mental, social, learning and behavioral limitations experienced by individuals with FASD have possible lifelong implications. Fortunately, there is help for both the individuals and their families provided by Social Service age ncies in form of resources and assistance needed to have a good quality of life.Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1975), school aged children with disabilities (including those diagnosed with FAS) are provided with reasonable accommodations including untimed tests, sitting in front of the class, modified homework and the provision of necessary services and often the implementation of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). An IEP details services that will be provided to assist the child in learning and may include services like Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech and Language Therapy, and/or the provision of a classroom aide.These individuals often have social workers or case managers working with them to ensure that the services documented in the IEP’s are being provided and working effectively. Implications of FASD on Social Work FASD provides opportunities for Social Workers to play an important role in impacting positive change. Soc ial Workers could take the lead in screening for alcohol use among women of child-bearing age and educate them about the FASD (Boyce, 2010).Women who choose to continue drinking should be encouraged to use contraceptives to reduce the likelihood of giving birth to a child with FASD. Social Workers should also be actively involved in nutrition education to ensure that pregnant mothers are following balanced diet for optimum fetal development. Nutrition education should especially target participants of the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as these populations’ income may limit their food choices.FASD often have significant lifelong deficits in functional life skills that can lead to problems with day to day functioning. In adulthood, these deficits can be manifested in mental health difficulties, disrupted job experiences, trouble with the law, substance abuse and difficulties with independent living. Hence Social Workers play the important role of advocating for individuals affected by FASD, helping them to navigate their immediate environment and linking them with support services (Warren & Murray, in press).Prevention of FASD is of great importance and this implies that Social Workers have the responsibility of mobilizing campaigns against drinking during pregnancy. This can be done through community education, incorporating medical personnel in research and preventive practice as well as holding alcohol producers accountable for posting health warning labels on publicity items. Conclusion Maternal alcohol use is a worldwide phenomenon that indiscriminately affects families and children of all ethnicities in all societies.Fortunately, it is possible to classify and tackle the treatment problems raised by individuals with FASD. The hope is that with continued research, education, and support from Social Service agencies, this problem can be prevented. While resources are available to help individu als and their families, it is important to know that the best treatment of FASD is prevention. It is not yet known the specific timing, frequency and quantity of alcohol use throughout the gestational period that are responsible FASD and FAS.Drinking early in the gestational period, before the woman even knows she is pregnant may present special risks for the developing embryo. Thus strategies to prevent alcohol use in pregnancy need to take into consideration that the prevalence of drinking by women of child-bearing age is on the rise in many parts of the world and most pregnancies are not planned. Bibliography CDC. Gov. (1983, January 13). Retrieved from Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Public Awareness Week: http://www. dc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000257. htm Ashford, J. B. , & Lecroy, C. W. (2012). Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Multidimensional Approach. Belmont, CA: Cole Cengage. Boyce, M. (2010, June). A Better F uture for Baby: Stemming the tide of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Journal of Family Practice, 59(6). Fleisher, S. (2010, May). Foetal Alcohol Syndrome: Raising Awareness about Alcohol in Pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery, 18(5). Shiel, W. C. (2010, December 21). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.Retrieved from Medicinenet. com: http://www. medicinenet. com/fetal_alcohol_syndrome/article. htm Wacha, V. , & Obrzut, J. (2007, June). Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on Neuropsychological Function. Journal of Development and Physical Disabilities, 19(3). Warren, K. , & Murray, M. (in press). Alcohol and Pregnancy: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. ——————————————– [ 1 ].The purpose of prenatal care is to monitor the development, health and nutritional status of both the mother and the baby during the pregnancy to ensure an uncomplicated pregnancy and the delivery of a live and healthy infant. [ 2 ]. Some pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM), a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (especially during third trimester). [ 3 ]. Cerebral palsy is a term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development.

Career Guide How to Become an Office Clerk

Career Guide How to Become an Office Clerk When you see office clerks on TV or in movies, they’re often overworked, apathetic workers who hassle a main character, setting up laughs or conflict. In reality, office clerks are skilled administrators who keep an office organized and humming along. They have stellar organizational skills, and a versatile collection of administrative know-how that makes them indispensable players in any office. This is also one of the most popular jobs in the U.S., with more than 2.9 million office clerks working across the country.The Role of an Office ClerkBasically, office clerks do what needs to be done in an office, administratively. Their duties might include any of the following:Answer phonesFile records and manage filing systemsReview data for accuracyEnter data into databases or other systemsMaintain customer or client accountsSort mailMake copiesProcess payments or perform basic bookkeepingEnsure office compliance with rules or regulationsThe job varies according to industry as wel l- for example, a medical file clerk’s day-to-day would likely be very different from a file clerk in a law firm or a large corporation. There may be industry-specific administrative duties in addition to these general responsibilities.The BenefitsA job or career as an office clerk makes you a very adaptable employee, with a skill set you can carry with you to any number of industries. It’s also a very stable career path, because offices will always need skilled, organized people to handle daily administration.The QualificationsOffice clerks can usually get started with a high school degree or an associate’s degree. There is no specific training or certification program for office clerks. Clerks are typically hired based on experience and/or skills rather than specific educational milestones.Office clerks should have strong skills in the following areas:Organization. Keeping everything straight and moving forward is a major part of the job description.Communicat ion. Office clerks are often a liaison between different parts of an office, making sure that information and processes are running efficiently. This means you should be able to communicate clearly and effectively with a variety of different people.Customer service. This is a service position, often dealing with direct requests inside the company or external customer interactions, so it’s important to have a strong, patient customer service game face.Attention to detail. Office clerks may be processing sensitive information or just lots of it, so it’s crucial to be able to spot inconsistencies, and ensure that everything is correct and accurate.Computer skills. Forty years ago, an office clerk would have been deeply knowledgeable about hard copy filing systems, recordkeeping, and the like. Now, an office clerk has to be up on all the technology used to manage the storage and flow of information in a company. That can be anything from standard paper files to apps to dat abases. You don’t have to be a hacker-level computer genius, but knowing how to use the most important tech for your particular industry or company is key. Knowing the technology can also make you an even more valuable member of the team as companies look for ways to streamline their staff and operations.The SalaryFor general office clerks, the median salary is $30,580 per year (or $14.70 per hour), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The pay can vary depending on the industry (specialized file clerks might earn more, for example), level of experience, and type of company.The OutlookThe good news about being an office clerk is that this is a pretty evergreen job. How companies manage their information and offices may change and adapt with the times, but there will always be the need for qualified people to perform these tasks. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that growth will be steady, if slightly slower than average: 3% growth by 2024. But again, the skills you use as an office clerk are excellent baseline skills that you can take to a variety of different fields, even if office clerking isn’t necessarily your long-range plan.

Sequence of Tenses in Spanish

Sequence of Tenses in Spanish Spanish has two basic tenses of the subjunctive mood in everyday use, the present subjunctive, and the imperfect subjunctive. (Although a future subjunctive form exists, it generally isnt used in speech, its use being limited primarily to formal legal documents.) Fortunately, knowing which tense to use is fairly easy to remember. Verbs in the subjunctive mood are typically in a part of a sentence (a dependent clause) that begins with que, which follows a verb in the indicative mood. The tense of the subjunctive verb depends on the tense of the verb in the first part of the sentence, as indicated in the following list of sentence structures. Present indicative verb que present subjunctive verb.Preterite indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb.Imperfect indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb.Future indicative verb que present subjunctive verb.Conditional indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb. Distinctions in the above list are often referred to as the sequence of tenses. Although there are exceptions as well as instances where the subjunctive mood is used with other sentence structures, these rules take into account the vast majority of cases where the subjunctive mood is used. Here are examples of sentences using each of the above structures: Present Indicative/Present Subjunctive Recomiendo que no estudies cuando comas. I recommend that you dont study when you eat. ¿Es buena idea que duerma con mi bebà ©? Is it a good idea for me to sleep with my baby?Todo est listo para que inicie el foro. Everything is ready for the forum to begin. Preterite Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive Intentà © que ellos me entendieran. I tried to get them to understand me.Nunca mereciste que te amara, hasta ahora. You never deserved for me to love you, until now.Era mejor que te ensuciaras las manos. It was better that you got your hands dirty. Imperfect Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive Yo querà ­a que cantaran juntos. I wanted them to sing together.Estaba yo en casa y esperaba que lloviera. I was at home and hoping it would rain.No aparecà ­a que hubiera tomado alcohol o sustancias tà ³xicas. It didnt appear that she had taken alcohol or poisonous substances. Future Indicative/Present Subjunctive Negarà © que seas mi hijo. I will deny that you are my son.Si suspende el examen, dudarà © que estudie mucho. If he flunks the test, I will doubt he studies much.Esperars que llegue la hora del dormir. You will hope that bedtime will come. Conditional Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive​​ Hay 10 cosas que las mujeres desearà ­an que los hombres supieran sobre el amor. There are 10 things that women would want men to know about love. ¿Quià ©n dudarà ­a que tuviera un puesto en el equipo cubano? Who would doubt that he had a position on the Cuban team?Nunca querrà ­a que le quitaran la medalla. I would never want them to take the medal from him.

Figuring it out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Figuring it out - Essay Example The opportunity and availability of respected earning ways; can only minimize the problem to some extent. Social and racial biases have to be kept aside to recruit the people and provide them with an alternate way to earn otherwise poverty will lead to more abuse and destruction of humankind.† Low income Americans name drug abuse as no.1 cause of poverty for them† ( npr, poverty in America, 2001). Ethnography is a qualitative study, through which various cultural phenomena can be understood regarding lives of people of any specific cultural group. It also tells the social welfare qualities, ethnicity and composition of a community. This method is required while collecting empirical data on specific societies and groups. Participants in particular society play vital role in this method, as data is collected through personal experiences and observation of these participants through interviews and questioners. Dr. Lee D. Hoffer in his book, Junkie Business: the evolution and operation of drug dealing network; described the process of development and working of an illegal drug dealing business. It sheds light on how a street based partnership became a running organized business with clear and planned division of labor. The change in dealer’s life is also evident throughout ( Hoffer,2006). According to Micheal Agar, the collection of data directly extracted from the people of specific culture and through direct involvement, can only enable one to understand better the coherent system. Anthropologist research is always based upon two major strategies to collect the research data accurately, the way to interview the participants and to extract participant’s observation. They both go hand in hand as one cannot be considered accurate without the other.(Hoffer, 2006) During the late ninetieth century, anthropologist only relied upon interviews to gather cultural data. This procedure was suitable for them as the change in cultural norms and custo ms; only began at that time. But to understand it better; they needed an inside vision of it. They lived with the participants to observe and understand the various distinctions. They realized soon people often misinterpreted and provided the information by predicting the expectations of the interviewer. This was a psychological factor, where at times they wanted to please the interviewer for material gains and sometimes to hide the truth ( Bailey, People, p.99). Drug business in various parts of America verifies the acceptance of illicit usage of drugs commonly and it also describes the vast expansion of network; with its organizational skills. The people hired for the sole purpose of drug selling; don’t come into it by choice but they are left with no option to earn from other means. The poverty and disappointment from unemployment leads them to drug selling and risking their lives with it. Sometimes they are unable to explain to their prospective employers the reason of un employment period as they became what economist call â€Å"discouraged workers†. (Robbins.p.174). Hence they come into contact with drug dealing to support and pay for their addictions. Therefore they become more actively involved in the business due to their need of the drug. However, the financer or investor does not seem to be bounded in such obligations. It’s merely a way to earn more than normal. Though risk of life is also involved

Different types of financial statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Different types of financial statements - Essay Example A balance sheet helps a company in analyzing its current financial position vis-Ã  -vis any other time period. A balance sheet most important for the management of a firm. The second important financial statement used is the income statement also known as profit and loss statement. The income statement is generally prepared at the end of a time period such as a quarter or a year. It gives information of the total income earned during the period and its sources. It also lists the various expenses. The difference of the two is used to calculate gross margin and net profit. Based on income statement companies take decisions on dividend declaration and future investment plans. The income statement is most significant for the investors of a firm. Cash flow statement is the third important financial statement. It helps a company to analyze the cash flows financial, operating and investment activities. This financial statement is important to understand the availability of working capital for a firm. Cash flow statement is very significant for the creditors of a firm. The fourth financial statement used is the statement of retained earnings. This statement depicts the changes in the title rights of equities if there are any. This is the least used of the four financial statements. It is also called as statement of shareholders’ equity as it calculates the money that will be left with a company after selling its assets and fulfilling its

Specific ways in which the internet has changed the way businesses Essay

Specific ways in which the internet has changed the way businesses operate in the global marketplace - Essay Example This invention is no more a plot for researchers to communicate and exchange information within their own selves, but also seeks access from the innumerous chunks of available data online or from the ever-accessible super-computers placed at offshore sites. Within the global marketplace, Internet has provided a lot of incentives in the present times. Internet has brought about a lot of interest for the different segments of the society and we just cannot pinpoint any single one that represents and manifests its true purpose. In order to find out what the world of Internet, i.e. the World Wide Web (WWW) is all about, we have to examine where it all started, though in a very brief manner and the advantages and disadvantages that it gives to the different users. The same is also seen from the perspective of its news provision and the related contexts. In the global context of current affairs and news reports, the Internet has come out as an agent that has brought a change by providing t imely and up to the mark news. In the academic world, there has been a lot of help and facilitation which credits itself solely on the basis of the Internet and it is because of the Internet that we see programs like distance learning and e-studies coming up and having their rise with each passing day.

Mass Media And The Fashion Magazine Media Essay

Mass Media And The Fashion Magazine Media Essay Fashion magazines are a printed periodical publication of articles which are often illustrated indicating the recent trends in the fashion industry depicting the latest models of clothing, perfumes and shoes indicating their current prices. They also features articles on holiday destination guides and celebrity styles, best buys of fashionable items and gift guides, the best fashion, beauty, shopping, health, runway slideshows, travel and culture trends as the main contents of fashion magazines. (Wales, 2010) Fashion magazines are normally produced at regular intervals and are one of the major media of mass information regarding the fashion industry. The general model of the magazine exerts a great influence among its readers as it indicates the various interests of different people and social classes hence greatly influencing fashion trends and fashion related purchasing patterns among various individuals and organizations, depicting how greatly fashion magazines influence the public opinion regarding fashion. These magazines enable individuals to examine events in a broad perspective and only to dwell on what is most important which is mostly done through illustrations which show case models, entertainers and public figures clad in the various models of clothes, shoes and cosmetics. Following a tremendous increase in the volume and complexity in the information produced by modern society, the role of the fashion magazine as a medium of presenting, analyzing and evaluating factual fashion material has increased significantly in the recent years. There were plenty of fashion magazines around the turn of the 19th century. With the French magazines making the most impact in the world of fashion, they acted as trendsetters to other fashion magazine publications. Following changes in technology, leisure, work, cultural and moral values lifestyle trends have been turn influencing the clothes we wear. The first fashion magazine to report on the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fashion trends was the Le Mercure Galant whose name which refers to the god Mercury; messenger of the gods was founded in 1672 and produced in 1678 by the writer Jean Donneau de Vise. (Ellwood, 1999) This magazine indicates how the French invented fashion and glamour from back in the 17th century up to the early 19th century. The magazine was founded with its main objectives being to inform the well-to-do society about life in the artistic and literally circles featuring developments in courts, theatrical and fashion reviews, songs and news on the latest gossip on marriages and other major social events. Its publication stopped in 1674, but in 1677 its publication started once again with the magazineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name being changed to Nouveau Mercure galant which was a monthly issue as opposed to its earlier version the Le Mercure Galant which appeared irregularly. This magazine played a major role in the propagation of news on luxury goods, court life and fashion at the time both locally and overseas. In the 1724 the title of the Nouveau Mercure gallant was changed to Mercure de France which became the overt trendsetter of French arts and humanities as it played a major role in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Quarrel of the Ancients and the Modernsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , a debate on whether the arts and literature of the 17th century had achieved more than the illustrious writers and artists of antiquity. Hence gaining it the title of the most important literary journal in prerevolutionary France. . But during the revolutionary era its title was temporarily changed to le Mercure Francais. In 1811 its publication was stopped with the review being resurrected in 1815 and being published last in 1825. Providing a fashion magazine entails undertaking a very detailed research in order to assess the prevailing mood of a particular season and also so as to identify the trends to be photographed and articles to feature in a particular edition. Photos of galleries and runway shows and of gifts, holiday desti nations make up the larger part of fashion magazines. But in order to make those photos to look perfect they have to be edited which is normally carried out by fashion magazine editors. Hence the reason why most fashion editors use such publishing software such as adobe Photoshop to edit the photographs collected from their research. The process of producing a fashion magazine involves the following several steps. The first step requires an individual to come up with a concept of what to include in that particular fashion magazine. This is the initial stage before starting a fashion page. It involves planning the idea that one plans on putting on a page, which should be something that readers should enjoy seeing and finally buy. This should be done with considerations about the season and hence suggesting an appropriate fashion trend that will be fascinating to readers. The second step involves gathering of the necessary prerequisite materials to be included in the fashion page .It in includes collecting and assembling articles and photos from the research carried out earlier on; that one would want to include in the fashion magazine. Photos should be of high resolution and need to be edited by cropping and resizing before being saved on file. Articles should be in PDF or word format while photos being in picture extensions like jpeg or bmp. Creating of pages is the stage that follows. It involves use of publishing software like Adobe Photoshop. Through which a new file is created which now becomes the new field on which the fashion page will be created and designed with the name of a particular page being written in the name slot. The page can be preset by changing the background to a different colour to make it more attractive and presentable. The fourth stage involves placing of the selected images in the page created. This step involves placing the selected photos in the page created. Editing of images with the designated photo on the fashion page is the fifth stage. It involves changing the effects of the photos uploaded by moving it to the desired place and design by adjusting it to the desired size. This requires great creativity and imagination in order to come up with a superbly attractive fashion page. The sixth step is inserting of text or captions alongside the photos that have been placed on the page and with this the page design is finished. After which the page is saved prior to printing. Printing the fashion pages is the final stage of preparing a fashion magazine. The already saved fashion pages are printed with an overview of how the pages being printed will look like. Vogue is the most popular fashion magazine as of now. It was founded in 1892 by Arthur Baldwin Turnure as a bimonthly publication. The magazine focused mainly on fashion trends during that period but it also featured columns on sexuality. In 1973, the magazine underwent some extensive editorial and stylistic transformation as a response to changes in the lifestyle of the target audience. Nowadays, the most profitable and biggest fashion magazine company is still the Vogue magazine. This is due to the fact that it showcases unique models which attracts many customers and is also one of the magazines that most readers vote as the best as it covers a wide range of fashion products. There exists a deep relationship between mass media and the fashion magazine. With fashion magazines being an important media of mass information they exert a great influence among its readers. For the readers with trendy fashion ideas, they can use fashion magazines to learn about new collections being delivered by fashion designers. This could play to their advantage as such readers will get to read about such collections even before they actually get to the fashion malls. Fashion magazines are primarily published to give its readers ideas on how to improve their sense of fashion, improve their careers, health and finances. When it comes to the fashion advice sections, they have photos as well as back up articles that help both men and women visualize what their fashion suggestions are Through the editorial and mail box columns. Fashion magazines can be educational in terms of fashion and lifestyle in that fashion experts give responses on questions posted by readers for clarification. Hence through such replies fashion magazine readers can gain a lot of expertise regarding fashion trends. From fashion magazines you will also learn about the fashionable items that best suit your body type. Through the different clothing styles displayed in the magazines Through fashion magazines, readers get to know about colour combinations that actually match their skin colour and body shape. Since clothing is an instrument that we can use to highlight our good features and hence boosting our morale either at places of work or even at social gatherings. Fashion magazines use attractive online advertisement networks to attract more readers. Using the website, Fashion magazine editors can upload photos that would attract most people who visit the site. The fact that these magazines are colourful is one of the major reasons why most individuals end up reading fashion magazines. Offering the magazine either as a periodical or monthly issue ensures that readers develop a trend of waiting for the next edition to be released so as to buy it. As these magazines contain a variety of general articles, interviews by designers or fashion freaks, help columns for assistance to the readers on discounted stores where they can get those products. Charging a normal price for a magazine makes it more attractive, as it tires to cater for all classes of people in society. This way a magazine records more sales and is greatly appreciated by most people. Most fashion magazines consist of five parts on average with some having an extra part for exclusives. These parts are the cover page, cover story, editorial, mailbox, feature and the exclusive section. The cover page of the fashion magazine consists of both the front and back cover pages. These pages are generally the photos of top models or public figures clad in the most recent and fashionable clothes, shoes and cosmetics. The cover story section consists of a short article in the magazine whose subject matter appears in its front cover of the magazine. For the editorial section it is a letter from the senior editors of the fashion magazine to the readers congratulating them for sending in their comments, questions and more so for actually buying the magazine reflecting the opinion of the readers towards the magazine. The mailbox section consists of a subscription form for readers who would want the magazine mailed to their mail box. In the feature section, fashion reality shows w hich are one of the major parts of the fashion magazine are included. The exclusives section features those new releases in the world of fashion like cosmetics, clothes, iPods and other products. Providing a fashion magazine entails undertaking a very detailed research in order to assess the prevailing mood of a particular season and also so as to identify the trends to be photographed and articles to feature in a particular edition. Photos of galleries and runway shows and of gifts, holiday destinations make up the larger part of fashion magazines. However, in order to make those photos to look perfect they have to be edited which is normally carried out by fashion magazine editors. Hence the reason why most fashion editors use such publishing software such as adobe Photoshop to edit the photographs collected from their research.